Chemical Bonds, Lewis Symbols and the Octet Rule

Chemical Bonds

**Types of Bonds**
Ionic	Covalent	Metallic
Results from the electrostatic attraction and cations between and anions. In ionic compounds, electrons transfer from cations to anions. Example: NaCl	Results from sharing of electrons between two non-metallic atoms. In ionic compounds, electrons transfer from cations to anions. Exists mainly among non−metallic elements. Example: HCl	Mainly found in metals, where the metalsbonding electrons are free to move throughout the 3D structure of the metal. Example: Na

Lewis Symbols

SymbolIt shows the symbol of each element as well as the number of the valence(outermost) electrons,on which bonding depends.Every valence electron is shown as a doton the element symbol. Dots are located around the 4 sides of the symbol, so that each side can be occupied by a max. of 2 dots.

Examples of Lewis Symbols and Relation with the Period Table

Remarks
The # of dots in a Lewis symbol is the same as the group #
The number of valence electrons can be predicted from a Lewis Symbol.

The Octet Rule

The Octet Rule Applications in:

Ionic bonding formation
Covalent bonding formation

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Date of last modification: Summer , 2019